| » |
Yields higher LPG and
light olefin due to the excellent dry gas and coke
selectivity of the proprietary catalyst. |
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Improved coke selectivity permits a very high cat/oil
ratio (15-25), as compared to the other state-of-the art
processes.
|
| » |
Employs higher riser temperature (560 degC), and a
relatively high dilution steam rate (15-20 wt% of feed).
|
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The higher conversion, in-turn, increases the heat of
cracking (by more than double than in conventional
FCCU) in the INDMAX riser.
|
| » |
The high steam rate in the riser allows to minimize the
hydrocarbon partial pressure which, among other
things, also help in (a) lowering the rate of coke
formation, (b) increasing the olefinicity of products by
minimizing the hydrogen transfer reactions, and
(c) increasing the heat demand in the riser and
produces a lower delta coke on catalyst.
|
| » |
Significantly higher catalyst to oil ratio provides a very
efficient heat transportation from the regenerator to
the riser.
|
| » |
The lower delta coke results in a significantly lower
regenerator temperature, which provides additional
flexibility for resid processing in the new process. In
fact, the heat circulation in the INDMAX reactor/
regenerator is so efficient that the unit can process
up to 5 wt% CCR feedstock in a single stage total
combustion regenerator without catalyst cooler.
|
 |
 Process Conditions &yields
|
 |
The important process conditions and yields of INDMAX
process are summarized below along with those of conventional
FCC unit.
Comparison
with FCC
| Process |
FCC |
INDMAX |
| Feed
Properties |
| Density, gm/cc |
0.89 |
0.872 |
| RCR,
wt% |
0.30 |
0.25 |
| Product Yield, wt%
(Fresh Feed) |
| Dry Gas |
2.9 |
6.1 |
| LPG |
12.1 |
50.4 |
| Gasoline |
31.2 |
19.4 |
| Diesel |
40.0 |
12.1 |
| Bottom |
8.3 |
5.5 |
| Coke |
5.5 |
6.4 |
| Light Olefin
Yield, wt% (Fresh Feed) |
| Propylene |
3.6 |
21.2 |
| Iso-butylene |
1.2 |
6.1 |
| Typical Operating
Conditions |
| Reactor Top Temp,
ºC |
490-510 |
550-580 |
| Regen Temp, ºC |
650-730 |
670-700 |
Cat/ Oil Ratio
| 4-7 |
15-25 |
| Reactor Pressure, Kg/cm2
,abs |
3.0-3.5 |
2.4-2.6 |
It is seen that
INDMAX process gives very high LPG and light olefin yield with
lower gas/ coke make. The cat/ oil ratio is also very high in
the INDMAX.
| » |
Refineries with high demand for LPG and propylene/
butylenes with lower diesel requirement.
|
| » |
Refineries integrated or planning to integrate with
downstream petrochemicals for exploiting the higher
yield of propylene/ butylenes.
|
| » |
Refineries where
residues, preferably with high hydrogen content and low
CCR/metals and /or especially having hydrocracker bottom
. |
| » |
Refineries looking for improvement of gasoline pool
octane number. |
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